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A cancer diagnosis is life-changing — not just physically, but emotionally and psychologically too. One of the most common, yet often overlooked, side effects is disrupted sleep. Many people living with cancer experience insomnia, night waking, or poor-quality sleep, which can persist throughout treatment and into survivorship. In fact, a recent meta-analysis of 160 studies, encompassing over 46,000 patients, found that approximately 60.7% of cancer patients experience sleep disturbances  (95% CI 58.1–63.3%). This research underscores the significant impact sleep problems can have on quality of life during cancer treatment and beyond. In this article, we explore the multifaceted relationship between cancer and sleep, how mental health factors in, and why specialised support is crucial. Why does cancer affect sleep? Sleep problems in cancer are complex. They often arise from a mix of physical symptoms, treatment-related side effects, and the psychological impact of facing a serious illness. Common reasons cancer patients struggle with sleep include: Stress and anxiety  related to diagnosis and treatment Pain or discomfort  from the cancer or its treatment Side effects of medications , such as corticosteroids or hormone therapies Changes in daily routine  due to hospital stays or altered activity levels Cancer-related fatigue , which can disrupt regular sleep patterns Fear of recurrence or disease progression , even after treatment “ When we talk about sleep issues in cancer patients, we ’ re not just looking at physical symptoms — we ’ re often seeing the psychological toll of facing a serious diagnosis. Insomnia can be both a symptom and a cause of emotional distress.” — Dr Greg Shields, Consultant Psychiatrist and Cancer Specialist Psychiatrist , Schoen Clinic Chelsea The psychological impact of a cancer diagnosis on sleep For many individuals, insomnia begins soon after diagnosis. The mind can race as it processes the emotional burden, treatment options, and future uncertainties. Night-time, with its quietness, often magnifies feelings of anxiety, making sleep seem even more elusive. Over time, ongoing poor sleep can contribute to fatigue, low mood, and reduced ability to cope with daily challenges. This creates a difficult cycle where lack of sleep further intensifies emotional stress. “ We often see a cycle where people become anxious about not sleeping — and that anxiety itself makes it even harder to sleep. Addressing this early is key.” — Dr Greg Shields Persistent sleep issues can also increase the risk of clinical depression and other mental health concerns. The effects are far-reaching, impacting overall quality of life during a challenging time. What does the research say? The connection between cancer, mental health, and sleep  is well-established: A 2023 BMJ Open study  found that sleep disturbances are highly prevalent among cancer patients, up to 95% in fact, and can persist well beyond the initial diagnosis, throughout treatment and even a decade into survivorship. Research  highlights a significant relationship between emotional wellbeing and sleep quality, especially for those under the stress of a serious illness. Clinical evidence  shows that Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)  can effectively improve sleep quality among cancer patients, offering long-term benefits over purely medication-based approaches. “ CBT-I is one of the most evidence-based treatments we have for insomnia, especially in cancer patients. It helps people retrain unhelpful thoughts and behaviours around sleep — and crucially, it empowers them to take back some control.” — Dr Greg Shields Practical strategies and innovative tools While the strategies discussed here provide an overview of the methods we employ at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, it’s important to note that detailed, personalised advice is best obtained through a consultation. That said, here are some general approaches and innovative tools that we often discuss with our patients: 1. Prioritise high-level sleep hygiene Instead of getting into minute details, we encourage patients to establish a consistent sleep routine and create a sleep-conducive environment. Specific tips and individual adaptations are best discussed during your consultation. 2. Leveraging technology for insights Devices like the Apple Watch or other smart wearables can be useful for: Tracking your sleep schedule Monitoring sleep quality and disturbances Providing data that can help identify patterns or potential issues These insights can be valuable for you and your healthcare team to fine-tune your sleep management strategy, however they can also become a focus of unnecessary anxiety. It’s important to use them as part of a holistic and psychologically-informed treatment plan. 3. Accessing specialist guidance Psychological interventions like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I)  are tailored to help retrain unhelpful thoughts and behaviours related to sleep. More in-depth advice on how these methods can work for you is available during a one-on-one consultation. “ The mind and body are never separate — especially in cancer. When we treat sleep problems, we ’ re really treating the person as a whole. Technology and personalised therapies go hand in hand in helping our patients improve their sleep and overall wellbeing.” — Dr Greg Shields 4. Connecting with our expert team If sleep issues continue to affect your quality of life, it’s essential to speak with your healthcare provider. At Schoen Clinic Chelsea, we provide a holistic, specialist approach that includes: Evaluating potential medication impacts on sleep Supporting lifestyle adjustments and mental health therapies Offering referrals to targeted psychological and occupational therapy services As an expert in the crossover between cancer treatment and mental healthcare, Dr Shields also offers a specialised 6-week CBT-i programme  to help individuals with cancer or other serious illnesses who are struggling with insomnia. A whole-person approach to cancer care At Schoen Clinic Chelsea , we understand that sleep is not just a symptom but a cornerstone of mental resilience, immune function, and overall recovery. Comprehensive care means addressing every facet of your wellbeing — not just the physical aspects of cancer. “ Addressing sleep isn ’ t about handing out a list of dos and don'ts; it ’ s about understanding your story and tailoring an approach that supports your overall health. That ’ s the essence of our holistic care.” — Dr Greg Shields Final thoughts Struggling with sleep after a cancer diagnosis is incredibly common, but it’s not something you have to face alone. By recognising the multiple factors at play and working closely with our specialist team, many of our patients have seen notable improvements in their sleep, mood, and overall quality of life. If you or a loved one is experiencing ongoing sleep challenges during cancer treatment or recovery, please consider booking a consultation. Our expert team is here to help you understand and manage these complexities, using personalised strategies that encompass both mental health and physical wellness. Interested in learning more about how we can help improve your sleep and overall wellbeing during cancer treatment? Contact us today at Schoen Clinic Chelsea to schedule your consultation. Reviewed by Dr Greg Shields, Consultant Psychiatrist on 16/04/2025

Understanding the differences between Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is essential for parents seeking clarity about their child’s neurodevelopmental health. Both conditions affect a child’s behaviour, communication and ability to focus, but they have distinct characteristics and require different approaches to diagnosis and management. It’s important to note that a diagnosis may not always be straightforward from the beginning. Symptoms that seem to suggest Autism or ADHD can also stem from a variety of other potential causes - which we’ll discuss later. In this article, we talk to leading Consultant Paediatrician, Dr Joe Datt to highlight the key differences and overlapping symptoms of Autism and ADHD, helping parents make informed decisions about their child’s care. What are Autism and ADHD? Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that primarily affects social interaction, communication, and may have some repetitive behaviours. Children with autism may struggle with understanding social cues, forming relationships, and adapting to changes in their environment. Sensory sensitivities and highly focused interests are also common traits. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition that impacts attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Children with ADHD may find it difficult to concentrate, sit still, or follow instructions. They often exhibit excessive energy and struggle with impulse control, leading to difficulties in school and social settings. Key differences between Autism and ADHD 1. Social interaction Autism:  Children with ASD often find social interactions challenging. They may struggle with eye contact, facial expressions, and understanding emotions. Conversations can be one-sided, and they may prefer solitary play over group activities. ADHD:  While children with ADHD can be socially active, they may have trouble maintaining friendships due to impulsive behaviour, difficulty taking turns, or talking excessively. Unlike children with autism, they usually seek social interaction but may struggle with appropriate engagement. 2. Communication and language development Autism:  Speech delays and difficulties with verbal and non-verbal communication are common. Children may have a monotone voice, repeat phrases (echolalia), or struggle with understanding figurative language. ADHD:  Language development is typically normal, but children with ADHD may interrupt conversations, struggle to stay on topic, or talk excessively due to impulsivity. 3. Attention and focus Autism:  Children with autism can have intense focus on specific interests, often spending long periods on a particular subject or activity. However, they may struggle to shift attention to other tasks. ADHD:  Attention span is often short, with difficulty maintaining focus on one activity. Children with ADHD may get easily distracted and move quickly from one task to another without completing them. 4. Repetitive behaviours vs impulsivity Autism:  Repetitive behaviours (e.g., hand-flapping, lining up toys, strict routines) are hallmark traits. Any disruption to their routine can cause significant distress. ADHD:  Impulsivity is more prominent, leading to risk-taking behaviours, interrupting others, and difficulty waiting for turns. Overlapping symptoms of Autism and ADHD Despite their differences, Autism and ADHD share some overlapping traits, which can sometimes make diagnosis challenging: Difficulty with focus:  Both conditions can involve inattentiveness, but in different ways (hyper-focus in autism, distractibility in ADHD). Hyperactivity:  While hyperactivity is a key trait of ADHD, some autistic children may also have high energy levels, though this is less common. Difficulty following instructions:  Both children with ASD and ADHD may struggle with multi-step instructions, leading to frustration in structured environments like school. Sensory sensitivities:  Many children with autism experience sensory processing issues, but children with ADHD can also have sensory preferences and aversions. How to differentiate between Autism and ADHD Given the overlap, it’s crucial to seek a professional evaluation if you suspect your child may have either condition. Paediatric specialists, such as Dr Joe Datt at Schoen Clinic Chelsea , conduct thorough neurodevelopmental assessments to differentiate between Autism and ADHD, as well as other conditions that may mimic their symptoms, forming part of a comprehensive differential diagnosis. Dr Joe Datt, Consultant Paediatrician "Misdiagnosis can happen when we focus too narrowly on Autism or ADHD without considering other possible explanations," says Dr Joe Datt . "For example, I once assessed a 16-year-old boy who was thought to have ADHD due to his inattention in class. However, after a thorough evaluation, we discovered he had undiagnosed epilepsy and was experiencing absent seizures - brief episodes where he would ‘zone out’ due to neurological activity, rather than symptoms of ADHD. I’ve also seen cases where a child was assumed to have Autism, but the real underlying cause was dyslexia." These are just two of many possibilities, which underscores the importance of seeing a specialist for a thorough evaluation. Dr Datt continues, "In other instances, rare genetic disorders can present with behaviours that resemble ADHD or ASD, yet once the root condition is identified and managed, those symptoms significantly improve." Some key questions parents can ask themselves include: Does my child struggle with social cues and non-verbal communication? ( More likely autism ) Is my child impulsive, interrupting conversations and acting without thinking? ( More likely ADHD ) Does my child become extremely distressed if their routine changes? ( More likely autism ) Can my child focus intensely on one subject but struggle with shifting attention? ( More likely autism ) Does my child frequently get distracted and jump between activities? ( More likely ADHD ) Getting a diagnosis in Chelsea, West London If you suspect your child may have Autism or ADHD, seeking a diagnosis from a qualified specialist is the first step. Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes, helping children develop skills to manage their symptoms effectively. At Schoen Clinic Chelsea , Dr Datt and his team offer holistic and comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments tailored to each child’s unique needs. He stresses the importance of maintaining a broad perspective during diagnosis. "As specialists, we must always ask, ‘What could we be missing? What else could this be?’ rather than rushing to label a child with a specific condition. That’s why neurodevelopmental assessments are so critical. They help rule out other possibilities and ensure we provide the right support tailored to the child’s actual needs.” The diagnostic process typically includes: Parental interviews and developmental history reviews Behavioural observations Standardised assessment tools Collaboration with schools and therapists for a holistic evaluation Treatment and support options While Autism and ADHD require different approaches, tailored support can help children thrive. Autism support strategies: Speech and Language Therapy:  Helps improve communication skills. Occupational Therapy:  Addresses sensory sensitivities and motor skills. Structured Routines:  Maintaining predictability reduces anxiety. ADHD management strategies: Behavioural therapy:  Helps with impulse control and social interactions. Medication:  In some cases, stimulant or non-stimulant medication may be recommended. Organisational strategies:  Visual schedules and step-by-step instructions improve task completion. Supporting your child’s journey Whether your child has Autism, ADHD, or overlapping symptoms, understanding their unique needs is the key to providing the best support. Both conditions present challenges, but with early intervention and appropriate strategies, children can develop essential life skills and thrive in their own way. If you're in Chelsea, West London, or Greater London and are concerned about your child's development, Schoen Clinic Chelsea offers expert general paediatric consultations, assessments for autism , ADHD , and combined assessments with Dr Joe Datt . Contact us today to learn more about how we can support your child’s journey to better health and wellbeing. This page was reviewed by Dr Joe Datt on 14/04/2025.

With Season 2 of HBO’s The Last of Us premiering tonight, revisiting the mental health themes of Season 1 offers a fresh perspective on grief, PTSD, and resilience in an apocalyptic landscape—echoing the rich narrative of the original Sony PlayStation exclusive game. This is an opinion piece that includes ***SPOILERS*** for season 1 of The Last of Us. Although The Last of Us  is set in a post-apocalyptic world overrun by infected and desperate survivors, its true strength lies in its deep exploration of the human psyche. Through moments of heartbreak and resilience, the series charts a course through grief and trauma that resonates with anyone who has experienced loss or emotional pain. At Schoen Clinic, our mental health specialists see parallels between these narratives and the challenges many individuals face every day. Let’s delve into the specific moments in Season 1 that spotlight these mental health struggles and offer hope for healing. If you're affected by any of the mental health issues raised throughout The Last of Us , please don't hesitate to get in touch with our team . Credit: HBO Max Joel’s enduring grief: A silent battle with PTSD From the very first episode, The Last of Us  grips us with the raw, unfiltered pain of Joel—the man whose life changed forever when he lost his daughter, Sarah, in the chaos of the outbreak. A heartbreaking opening scene shows Sarah’s tragic death, a loss that casts a long shadow over Joel’s every action. Key Moments: Flashbacks and panic attacks:  Throughout the season, Joel is seen grappling with intense moments of internal turmoil. In several scenes, his body tenses up, and a look of stark vulnerability flashes across his face—indicative of panic attacks or anxiety . These manifestations mirror the flashbacks often experienced by individuals with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) . His haunted eyes and reserved demeanour speak volumes about a man who is trying to bury his past while being pulled back by sudden, painful memories. Hypervigilance and emotional numbing:  There are sequences where Joel displays hypervigilance—scanning every shadow and movement—while his voice remains flat, distancing him from the emotional world around him. This numbing is his way of shielding himself from the pain of loss, yet it prevents him from forming meaningful connections, even with Ellie, whom he is charged to protect. The weight of survivor’s guilt and compounded loss Joel doesn’t just battle the anguish of losing Sarah; he is also burdened by survivor’s guilt further compounded by the loss of his partner, Tess. When Tess dies during an attack from the infected, the solitude of Joel’s grief becomes all the more palpable. A closer look: Stoicism as a defence mechanism:  Rather than openly mourning Tess, Joel channels his grief into a relentless drive to complete his mission. This stoicism is characteristic of many who have experienced compounded trauma —using distraction and over-focus as a temporary relief from unbearable pain. The unspoken impact:  For many viewers, Joel’s refusal to express grief openly is a silent scream—a psychological barricade that keeps his emotions in check, even if it means living with constant internal turmoil. The show subtly reminds us that trauma often leaves its scars hidden beneath the surface, influencing behaviour in unexpected ways. Ellie’s Journey: Lingering Trauma and Abandonment Though Joel’s grief dominates The Last of Us , Ellie’s story is equally complex—defined by deep-seated abandonment and trauma. Early loss and abandonment: Growing up as an orphan, Ellie experienced loss from a young age. She lost her dear friend Riley and was left in the care of others, with Marlene eventually passing the responsibility to Joel and Tess. This early pattern of loss laid the groundwork for her enduring sense of isolation. Key moments of rejection: Tess’s death after being bitten by the infected removed another source of stability. Later, when Joel encouraged her to join his brother Tommy, it reinforced her fear of being left behind. In one striking moment, Ellie declares, “Everyone I have cared for has either died or left me. Everyone—except for you,” capturing her deep-seated isolation and longing for connection. The emotional fallout: These repeated experiences have led Ellie to build a protective shell around herself. While she learns to rely on her own strength, she still yearns for genuine closeness—a duality that profoundly influences her actions. Moments of respite and connection: Even amidst the trauma, the series offers brief moments of hope. For example, a heartwarming scene shows Ellie feeding a giraffe—a small, tender reminder of connection and resilience in a tumultuous world. Bill and Frank: A tender love story amidst chaos One of the most emotionally rich storylines in Season 1 is the episode centred on Bill and Frank - characters whose relationship is given a level of intimacy and depth rarely seen in video game adaptations. In the original Sony PlayStation exclusive game, the hints at a connection between these characters were subtle. However, the show reimagines their relationship in a way that celebrates the resilience of love even in a bleak world. Credit: HBO Max Exploring their story: Living with terminal illness:  Although Frank is not formally diagnosed with a mental health condition, it is clear that he is battling cancer. The series handles his illness with refreshing honesty. Frank’s acceptance of his condition, combined with his choice to live life to the fullest despite the inevitable, underlines a powerful message: quality of life matters, and emotional well-being can be maintained even in the face of terminal illness. A happier outlook:  Unlike the game - where Bill and Frank’s relationship ends on a bitter note - the show gives them a relatively happy life together. Their story reminds us that supportive, loving relationships can serve as vital anchors in times of crisis, helping individuals cope with chronic illness and existential despair. Affirming LGBTQ+ resilience:  Their narrative is not just a side story; it is central to the exploration of non-heterosexual love thriving despite overwhelming odds. It challenges stereotypes and demonstrates that enduring human connections are possible, even when faced with societal or personal hardships. Moral injury: The cost of survival In the world of The Last of Us , survival requires making tough decisions that can deeply conflict with one’s personal values. These actions, taken out of necessity, can leave long-lasting emotional wounds—a phenomenon known as moral injury. The burden of tough choices: Characters like Joel and Ellie are forced to make decisions in moments of extreme pressure. These choices, while necessary for survival, often push them to act against long-held ethical beliefs. This constant internal conflict is a core part of their struggle. Understanding moral injury: Moral injury occurs when someone’s actions, or even inactions, conflict with their core moral values. In the series, this is shown through the deep regret and internal turmoil that follow their life-altering choices. The psychological impact can include lingering feelings of guilt, sadness, and a diminished sense of self-worth. Long-term psychological effects: The weight of these decisions does not simply fade away. Instead, it can lead to persistent emotional distress—highlighting how the cost of survival isn’t just physical but also deeply mental and emotional. For characters in The Last of Us , every difficult choice reinforces the reality that survival in a harsh world comes at a profound personal price. Connecting on-screen trauma to real-world healing The mental health struggles depicted in The Last of Us  remind us that trauma does not discriminate. Whether it’s a single parent losing a loved one, a teenager grappling with the loss of innocence or the loss of a parental figure, or an individual managing a terminal illness, the experience of grief and trauma is universal. Why these stories matter: Breaking the silence:  Media representations like these help dismantle the stigma attached to mental health challenges by illustrating that even in extreme fictional environments, the pain of trauma is real and universally understood. Encouraging dialogue:  Open discussions about these themes, both on-screen and off, foster a supportive environment for those dealing with similar issues. Whether through therapy, support groups, or heartfelt conversations, acknowledging one’s pain is a crucial step toward healing. How Schoen Clinic can help At Schoen Clinic Chelsea , we are dedicated to providing specialised mental health care for those dealing with complex trauma , grief, and the long-lasting impact of stress . Our holistic approach is built on evidence-based therapies that not only address immediate symptoms but also facilitate a deeper healing process. Our Services Include: Trauma-Focused Therapies:  We offer tailored approaches, such as EMDR and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), to help individuals process and overcome traumatic experiences. Grief and Bereavement Support:  Our compassionate counselling supports those navigating the challenging process of mourning and loss . Adolescent Mental Health :  We provide focused support for young people contending with a wide range of mental health challenges. Couples and Family Therapy :  Our therapies help repair and strengthen relationships by addressing the complex dynamics that emerge in the aftermath of trauma. Reflecting on the legacy of The Last of Us Credit: HBO Max As The Last of Us  transitions into its second season, the groundwork laid in Season 1 continues to resonate deeply. The show’s exploration of mental health challenges reminds us of the strength inherent in the human spirit. In portraying these challenges, the series not only deepens our understanding of trauma and resilience but also encourages us to empathise with those who experience similar struggles in real life. It compels us to recognise that healing is not just about overcoming despair, but also about cherishing and nurturing the fleeting moments of joy that bring us back to life. As Season 2 unfolds tonight, we invite you to reflect on the multifaceted themes of trauma, resilience and hope portrayed in The Last of Us. If you or someone you love is wrestling with the fallout of grief or the symptoms of trauma , remember that help is available. At Schoen Clinic Chelsea in London, our dedicated team is here to support you on your journey to healing and wellness. Contact us today for specialist mental health support.

We often hear people casually say, “I’m so ADHD today,” when they forget something or feel distracted. But for millions around the world, ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) is not a momentary lapse in focus it's a complex neurodevelopmental condition that touches every aspect of daily life. Far from being a “lack of discipline” or “just bad behaviour,” ADHD is a genuine and often misunderstood condition that affects how individuals think, process, and interact with the world. And with the right understanding and support, people with ADHD can thrive in ways that are uniquely powerful. Contact our dedicated team in London today if you need specialist support for ADHD. What is ADHD? ADHD is a condition that impacts attention, impulse control, and activity levels . It begins in childhood, though many aren’t diagnosed until adolescence or even adulthood. People with ADHD may struggle to concentrate, finish tasks, or sit still but the experience of ADHD is different for everyone. There are three primary types of ADHD: Predominantly Inattentive Type – Difficulty focusing, disorganisation, forgetfulness, frequent daydreaming. Predominantly Hyperactive-Impulsive Type – Excessive fidgeting, restlessness, impulsive speech or actions. Combined Type – A mix of inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Dr Ashish Arora , Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea , shares: “ADHD is not a behavioural problem; it’s a neurodevelopmental one. The ADHD brain processes information differently, often with immense creativity and speed, but also with challenges in regulating attention and self-control.” Signs and symptoms Difficulty sustaining attention on tasks or conversations Forgetfulness and frequent misplacement of items Impulsive decisions or interruptions during conversations Restlessness, fidgeting, or difficulty sitting still Trouble following through with instructions or long-term planning Emotional sensitivity and mood swings In adults, ADHD may manifest as chronic disorganisation, procrastination, relationship difficulties, or even burnout from overcompensating to “keep up.” It’s important to understand that these behaviours are not due to laziness or carelessness. They stem from differences in how the brain regulates dopamine a chemical that plays a key role in motivation, focus, and reward processing. Living with ADHD: the hidden struggles ADHD is often invisible. People with the condition may appear “fine” on the outside, but internally, they may be fighting constant mental noise, frustration, or self-doubt. Many individuals, especially women, go undiagnosed for years because their symptoms don’t match the stereotypical image of “hyperactive boys.” Instead, they internalise their struggles, often receiving labels like “scattered,” “too emotional,” or “just disorganised.” “Undiagnosed ADHD can lead to secondary issues like anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem,” notes Dr Arora. “When people finally receive a diagnosis , it often brings both relief and grief relief for the explanation, and grief for the time lost.” What can be done? The good news is that ADHD is highly manageable with the right combination of strategies 1. Medication Stimulant medications like methylphenidate (Ritalin) or amphetamines (Elvanse), as well as non-stimulants like atomoxetine, can help balance brain chemistry, improving focus, impulse control, and emotional regulation. “Medication is often life-changing for those with ADHD,” says Dr Arora. “It’s not about sedation it’s about helping the brain function more efficiently.” 2. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) & Coaching CBT can help individuals identify negative thought patterns and build practical strategies for managing time, stress, and tasks. ADHD coaching offers tools and accountability to stay organised and work with the ADHD brain, not against it. 3. Lifestyle & Structure Sleep: Consistent rest supports emotional and cognitive function. Exercise: Movement boosts dopamine, improving focus and mood. Routine: Predictability reduces overwhelm and builds executive functioning. Mindfulness: Techniques like meditation can enhance self-awareness and impulse control. 4. Environmental Accommodations In schools and workplaces, support like flexible deadlines, noise-free workspaces, and visual reminders can make a huge difference in performance and confidence. Embracing the ADHD brain Despite its challenges, the ADHD brain has unique strengths. Creativity, empathy, out-of-the-box thinking, high energy, and hyperfocus on passions are just a few traits that shine when nurtured properly. “ ADHD isn’t a deficit of attention it’s a difference in attention,” Dr Arora emphasises. “When we stop trying to force ADHD brains into neurotypical moulds and instead support their differences, incredible things happen.” Final thoughts Living with ADHD is like trying to tune a radio with too many signals coming in at once sometimes the music is beautiful, other times it’s overwhelming. But with the right tools, the right understanding, and the right support, the signal becomes clearer. Whether you're someone with ADHD or someone who loves someone with it, know this: you are not broken. Your brain is wired differently and in that difference lies incredible potential. Recognise it. Support it. Celebrate it. Because every mind in motion or not deserves to be understood and empowered. At Schoen Clinic Chelsea , we offer Consultant-led assessments for adults with suspected ADHD. Our comprehensive ADHD assessments help to efficiently diagnose or effectively rule out ADHD. If you already have a diagnosis of ADHD and are seeking management support, we also offer a holistic 6-week ADHD treatment package . This page was reviewed and approved by Dr Ashish Arora on 10.04.2025

Understanding a lesser-known yet deeply impactful form of OCD When people hear “OCD,” they often picture someone compulsively washing their hands, checking locks repeatedly, or arranging items with surgical precision. These visible behaviours are hallmarks of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder but what if the battle wasn’t visible at all? There’s a lesser-known and often misunderstood form of OCD called Pure O  short for Purely Obsessional OCD . Unlike traditional OCD, which involves outward, physical compulsions, Pure O is marked by internal mental rituals. This makes it harder to recognise, and even harder to explain to others. Yet for those who experience it, the distress is very real. What is Pure O? Pure O is not “just having obsessive thoughts.” It’s a chronic, tormenting loop of unwanted, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) followed by internal attempts to neutralise or make sense of them (compulsions). These compulsions are invisible to the outside world but relentless in the mind of the sufferer. Dr Ashish Arora , Consultant Psychiatrist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea, explains: “Pure O is not fundamentally different from other forms of OCD; the compulsions are simply internal rather than external. These mental rituals such as rumination, silent reassurance-seeking, or avoidance can be just as disruptive and exhausting.” Common themes in Pure O Pure O often revolves around deeply sensitive or taboo topics, making sufferers feel ashamed, frightened, or confused. Some common subtypes include: Harm OCD – Fear of accidentally hurting someone or oneself. Sexual Orientation OCD – Intrusive doubts about one’s sexuality. Relationship OCD (ROCD) – Obsessive questioning of one’s love or compatibility in a relationship. Religious/Scrupulosity OCD – Overwhelming fear of committing a sin or being morally flawed. Health Anxiety OCD – Obsession with undiagnosed illnesses, often without physical symptoms. Dr Arora explains, “These thoughts are ego-dystonic - meaning they go against the person’s core values which is why they provoke such intense distress. Many sufferers worry they’re “going crazy” or fear they’re a bad person, when in reality, these thoughts are just symptoms of a treatable disorder.” How is Pure O different from classic OCD? Traditional OCD involves outward compulsions (like checking or cleaning), while Pure O revolves around: Mental reassurance – Internally trying to “prove” something isn't true. Rumination – Endless mental debate over a thought or fear. Silent rituals – Counting, praying, or mentally repeating phrases to “cancel out” bad thoughts. Avoidance – Dodging situations, people, or media that might trigger intrusive thoughts. Excessive analysis – Replaying conversations or actions in one’s mind to seek certainty. Dr Ashish Arora, Consultant Psychiatrist Because these behaviours aren’t visible, Pure O often goes unrecognised or misdiagnosed — sometimes as anxiety or depression . This can leave sufferers feeling isolated and misunderstood. “Many patients struggle in silence,” says Dr Arora . “They believe their thoughts are unique or shameful, when in reality, they’re textbook OCD symptoms. Early diagnosis and intervention can change lives.'' Treatment options: there is hope Despite how overwhelming Pure O can feel, recovery is absolutely possible. With the right support, people can learn to manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives. 1. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) This gold-standard therapy helps individuals confront intrusive thoughts without engaging in mental compulsions. Over time, the brain learns that it doesn’t need to “solve” or neutralise these thoughts. “ERP helps patients realise that thoughts are just thoughts,” explains Dr Arora. “You don’t have to respond to them. That’s a powerful shift.” 2. Medication SSRIs like Fluoxetine or Sertraline can help regulate brain chemistry and reduce the intensity of obsessions and compulsions. Medication is often combined with therapy for best results. 3 . Mindfulness & Acceptance-Based Therapies Approaches like Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) or Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) teach people to observe thoughts without judgment, reducing the need to respond to them. Finding the right support Pure O is real. It’s not a character flaw. It’s not a personal failing. It’s a mental health condition — and it’s treatable. If you or someone you love is struggling with intrusive thoughts and internal compulsions, know that you are not alone. There is expert help available. At Schoen Clinic Chelsea , professionals like Dr Ashish Arora specialise in OCD and understand the unique presentation of Pure O. Final thoughts: from darkness to light Living with Pure O can feel like being stuck in a mental prison trapped by thoughts you never asked for and rituals you can’t explain. But there is a way out. With awareness, compassion, and the right treatment, people with Pure O can reclaim their peace of mind, rebuild their confidence, and return to the lives they were meant to live not controlled by fear, but grounded in freedom and clarity. You are not your thoughts. You are the awareness behind them. Contact our team in London today if you need support. Were here to help. This page was reviewed and approved by Dr Ashish Arora on 10.04.2025

PRESS RELEASE: 07/04/2025 A leading London Psychiatrist says the public and private sectors can team up to support patients facing long NHS waiting times for adult ADHD assessment and treatment, which can sometimes reach over 8 years. Dr James Woolley, Consultant Psychiatrist  and ADHD Specialist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea in London , explains that if an NHS ADHD Assessment is unavailable in your area, you likely have a right for the NHS to fund an assessment elsewhere. The NHS tries to follow the NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines for service provision, but there are many areas which struggle with capacity. A study carried out by ADHD UK revealed the true level of backlog in the UK in October 2023. ADHD UK’s findings came from Freedom of Information requests about ADHD from every Integrated Health Board (or equivalent) in the country. There is a big variation across the UK - from 12 weeks to 443 weeks across various Trusts. Its survey found the adult waiting the longest has been biding their time for 443 weeks, or 8.5 years. In the UK, NICE guidelines make clear that trained clinicians can make the required robust ADHD assessment, which is always more complex than completing online questionnaires, to be as certain as possible no other conditions are contributing and that any treatment suggestions are safe and compatible with the overall situation. Currently, many referrals made by GPs are screened out and rejected before even reaching a proper clinical assessment, and there is no way to get this reviewed. So patients may need to be referred all over again by the GP to restart the process if needed. Dr Woolley said: “The waiting lists for NHS assessments for many conditions such as autism, ADHD and ADD are simply heartbreaking. People can be in limbo for years, putting them and their families under huge strain. “They may struggle get on with their lives or pursue education or a career without getting an assessment and family relationships can be strained, delaying the opportunity to understand and therefore receive the treatment they need to get on and live a full life, and be a productive and fulfilled member of society.” He added: “We know NHS resources are scarce, especially at the moment, but these are conditions that affect a significant number of our working-age adult population; people who could be making a huge contribution to society and the economy – they are a massive resource the country risks inadvertently ignoring, quite aside from the personal impact.” “The NHS is not at fault, it does an amazing job with the resources it has. The private sector helps support stretched NHS provision in many areas and this is one which can be especially productive,” he added. Dr Woolley said that the best independent sector providers aim to collaborate with and assist NHS services and GPs wherever possible. Not just making a diagnosis and discharging, but offering detailed assessments followed by robust treatment pathways - holistically, including non-medication approaches. Many people are choosing now to go private to access proper assessment sooner, especially with the noise on social media making it difficult to be clear about whether there is a diagnosable issue. Schoen Clinic Chelsea offers assessments at just a few days' notice. Schoen Clinic’s Consultant Psychiatrists, with extensive experience in ADHD, conduct all of our adult assessments, guaranteeing a robust diagnosis from a qualified specialist. Should medication be necessary for the best outcome, our doctors can prescribe appropriate ADHD medications safely. A diagnosis can be a significant benefit in both understanding problems and pursuing one of the many effective treatments available. Schoen Clinic is also especially familiar with how symptoms can go hidden and unrecognised for longer in women. For more information about the work of Schoen Clinic Chelsea, please call 020 3146 2300 or visit its website at https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/chelsea     ENDS High-resolution pictures are available on request. About Schoen Clinic UK Group The Schoen Clinic Group was founded in 1985 and has since developed into Germany's fifth-largest privately-owned hospital group. It currently treats 300,000+ patients annually at 46 hospitals and clinics in Germany and the UK. The group also includes the leading online telemedicine clinic: MindDoc. Schoen Clinic entered the UK healthcare market in 2017 providing award-winning, expert-led healthcare super-specialising in certain areas of medicine – now mental health and wellbeing, including dementia care. About Dr Woolley Dr Woolley trained at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in London, subsequently specialising in psychiatry at the prestigious Maudsley Hospital and Institute of Psychiatry. He undertook a further degree in psychology at University College London and achieved Membership of the Royal College of Physicians at The Royal Free Hospital London. He also gained additional experience in psychiatry in Sydney, Australia and was elected to both the prestigious Fellowships of the Royal College of Psychiatrists (FRCPsych) in 2021 and the Royal College of Physicians (FRCP) in 2023. Undertaking a variety of specialist posts and working with leaders in the field, has provided Dr Woolley with a wide range of expertise in the diagnosis and treatment of many conditions; from anxiety and depression to bipolar disorder, using both evidence-based medication and psychological therapy. Dr Woolley has particular expertise where mental health conditions overlap with physical illnesses and has received several awards for clinical excellence. Media contact Rodney Kumar: PR Manager, WSA Communications E-mail: rodney.kumar@wsacommunications.co.uk   Phone: 01908 371177

PRESS RELEASE: 10/04/2025 A leading London nutritionist has said there is no big secret behind improving the behaviour and health of youngsters through diet and it need not be expensive. For many with conditions like ADHD and hyperactivity, quality of life could change beyond recognition with simple, logical adjustments. That’s the view of Diana Badare , Nutritionist at Schoen Clinic Chelsea in London .  Diana joined Schoen Clinic Chelsea in 2020, working with both adults and young people undergoing treatment for disordered eating and eating disorders. Diana Badare, Nutritionist, Schoen Clinic Chelsea Diana helps individuals to implement healthy eating habits and attitudes towards food. She has extensive experience working with mental health and eating disorders and is also the Diet Services Manager at the world-renowned Great Ormond Street Hospital. Last year The Food Foundation issued a damning report saying British children face a lifetime of “diet-related illnesses” due to an increase in junk food and unhealthy eating. The foundation called for urgent action from the Government to stem “largely preventable” illnesses caused by a poor diet. Its report said there has been a steady rise in obesity, Type 2 diabetes and undernutrition among children. Obesity among 10 to 16-year-olds has increased by 30% since 2006 the study found, while the average height of 5 year-olds has fallen year-on-year since 2013. Diana pointed out that having a balanced diet is critical for children of all ages but especially during adolescence, a vital period for growth and development. A balanced diet is shown to be helpful in reducing symptoms for children with ADHD. She said: “Parents often ask ‘Is nutrition related to ADHD symptoms and brain functionality? Should we not give children sweet foods?” It’s not necessarily sugar to blame, but a lack of overall nutrition in the child’s diet can escalate symptoms for those with ADHD. “Youngsters need different types of glucose, fats, vitamins and minerals which are beneficial to brain functions,” she added. Diana said a balanced diet is a mixture of meat, fish, poultry, pulses and dairy products along with complex carbohydrates such as rice, potatoes, noodles and bread, accompanied by fresh or cooked vegetables which gives children a crucial variety of foods to support their growth and development. Fruit (fresh and dried), nuts, home-made biscuits and milk or yoghurt-based fruit smoothies can be a part of a balanced snack-time treat. She pointed out that providing a child with a balanced diet need not be expensive and can be achieved through home-made family meals. A balanced diet can also help a child’s mood and concentration at school. She cited a breakfast club started for children in Wales which showed remarkable results. She said concentration levels rose once children were given cereal, milk and toast. They rose further when bread with butter and jam was added to the breakfast, and further still with the addition of fruit and orange juice. Teachers were amazed to see an immediate improvement in behaviour, concentration and exam results as a result of this. Diana added that having children participate in the making of the meal with their family and eating that meal together as a unit all play a vital role in giving children the best nutritional support. She added that recent research studies show that a child with ADHD on a poor diet falls behind other children without ADHD in the classroom, and even further behind classmates without ADHD and a balanced diet. She concluded: “Parent can boost their child’s growth, development and education potential by giving them a consistent nutritional balanced diet.” Diana Badare can be seen for appointments concerning nutrition in children and adults, whether or not they have a condition like ADHD, hyperactivity or autism. She can be reached here: https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/specialists/diana-badare For more information about the work of Schoen Clinic Chelsea in London, please call 020 3146 2300 or visit its website at https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/chelsea ENDS High-resolution pictures are available on request. Information about The Food Foundation’s report can be found here: https://foodfoundation.org.uk/press-release/health-and-food-experts-warning-amid-significant-decline-childrens-health About Schoen Clinic UK Group The Schoen Clinic Group was founded in 1985 and has since developed into Germany's fifth-largest privately-owned hospital group. It currently treats 300,000+ patients annually at 46 hospitals and clinics in Germany and the UK. The group also includes the leading online telemedicine clinic: MindDoc. Schoen Clinic entered the UK healthcare market in 2017 providing award-winning, expert-led healthcare super-specialising in certain areas of medicine – now mental health and wellbeing, eating disorders and dementia care. Media contact Rodney Kumar: PR Manager, WSA Communications E-mail: rodney.kumar@wsacommunications.co.uk , Phone: 01908 371177

This is an opinion piece that includes ***SPOILERS*** for the show. Netflix’s Adolescence has sparked widespread discussion about the factors that led to Jamie’s horrific crime. Much of the conversation has focused on bullying, toxic online communities and radicalisation - a discussion we explored in detail in our previous article: Specialists explore the mental health themes in Adolescence . But why did Jamie do it? Well, for anyone who has watched the show, you'll know there isn't one single reason to explain why Jamie did what he did. What is clear, is that a culmination of factors and events happened in the lead-up to his devasting actions. The path to violence is rarely simple, and the warning signs often emerge long before a tragedy occurs. We searched online to see what viewers took away from the show and one aspect that seems to have received less attention is Jamie’s family life. In this article, we shift the focus away from Jamie’s individual experiences and look at Adolescence  through one lens - the family unit. If you need specialist mental health support for yourself or a loved one please don't heistate to contact our caring team  in London today. Credit: Netflix The impact of father-son relationships on mental health Jamie's father, Eddie, is a man who in his own way, tried to be better than the father who raised him. He chose not to be physically abusive, attempting to break the generational cycle of violence. However, in doing so, it appears he avoided emotional expression altogether, or at the very least minimised it. Constantly ignoring our own emotions can take a toll on our self-confidence. Over time, we might start to believe that our needs and desires don’t matter, or that our voice isn’t valued. This can lead to feelings of stress , anxiety , or low mood, even if we don’t openly acknowledge them. When emotions are repeatedly suppressed, they don’t simply disappear - they can build up, sometimes resulting in frustration, resentment, or even deep-seated anger toward others. Unfortunately for Eddie and his family, his frustration and anger simmered beneath the surface, manifesting in cold distance, dismissiveness and the occasional outburst. Jamie grew up watching his father with silent admiration, always seeking approval but rarely receiving it. One of the most gut-wrenching moments in Adolescence is Jamie’s recollection of being humiliated on the football field while grown men laughed at him. Instead of comfort, his father simply looked away. That moment cemented Jamie’s belief that failure made him unworthy. This emotional neglect left Jamie vulnerable. He did not learn how to process failure, rejection, or insecurity in a healthy way. Instead, he sought validation from sources that framed his pain as proof of injustice. "I didn't do anything wrong": Jamie’s belief system Throughout Adolescence , Jamie repeats the phrase, "I didn’t do anything wrong" - not "I didn’t do it." What does this subtle distinction say about his belief system? Could it be that Jamie is not claiming innocence but rather justifying his actions? To him, what he did was not ‘wrong’ because he felt it was a logical response to his circumstances. This warped sense of justice is a common theme in radicalised individuals who feel victimised by society. Instead of acknowledging wrongdoing, they see themselves as reacting to an unfair system. In Adolescence , it seems Jamie’s upbringing, combined with his exposure to online extremist ideologies reinforced this mindset, making it easier for him to rationalise his actions. Credit: Netflix The manosphere and the rise of digital radicalisation Online, Jamie found a community that validated his insecurities, but instead of helping him grow, it fuelled his resentment. He was fed toxic beliefs about masculinity and power - beliefs that eerily mirrored (even to a very minor degree) what he had observed at home. His mother’s quiet subservience, his father’s unquestioned authority - these dynamics may have primed Jamie to accept the harmful narratives he encountered online. He learned that rejection wasn’t just painful but a deliberate act of cruelty against men like him. When Katie rejected him, it wasn’t just an awkward teenage moment. It was, in Jamie’s eyes, a confirmatio n that he had been robbed of his ‘rightful’ status as a man. Studies show that young men who feel socially isolated are particularly susceptible to extremist ideologies. These groups offer them a distorted sense of belonging and control - an intoxicating combination for someone who has never felt truly seen or heard. The hidden danger of ‘acceptable’ family dynamics What makes Adolescence so unsettling is that Jamie’s family initially appears ‘ordinary.’ There is no overt abuse, no major scandal. And yet, beneath the surface, we see how the subtle reinforcement of traditional gender roles, emotional neglect and silence may have contributed to Jamie’s emotional and psychological instability. His father works long hours, while his mother is often seen in the kitchen, maintaining the home. Eddie is the dominant figure in the household - not through overt aggression, but through an unspoken authority that shapes the family dynamic. Jamie’s mother and sister instinctively adjust their behaviour to avoid conflict, reinforcing the idea that women must accommodate the emotional states of men. Jamie, in turn, internalises these unspoken rules, learning that men hold power, women adapt, and emotions should be suppressed. This raises broader questions about the traditional nuclear family model, the roles ascribed to men and women, and the societal expectations placed on both. While there is ongoing debate about the efficacy of these structures, what remains critical is that children have access to healthy role models and meaningful emotional connections. Eddie’s struggle: the weight of breaking the cycle Eddie expresses his desire to be a good father, specifically stating that his only goal was to avoid being like his own father—aiming to be present and non-abusive. In his mind, not being violent was enough to make him a ‘good dad.’ However, by focusing solely on avoiding physical abuse, he failed to recognise that emotional absence can be just as harmful. This is made painfully clear in Episode 3 when Jamie is asked by the Clinical Psychologist whether his father is “loving.” His response, “No, that’s weird.” reveals just how deeply ingrained this emotional disconnect has become. To Jamie, paternal affection is unfamiliar, even unnatural. Eddie’s struggle as a parent reflects a broader societal issue: many men have never been taught how to express emotions in a healthy way. Masculinity is often equated with stoicism, and as a result, many men believe that simply being present and providing financially is enough. This reluctance to engage emotionally is reflected in mental health statistics - according to the Mental Health Foundation , only 36% of NHS talking therapy referrals are for men, highlighting a significant gap in men seeking psychological support. But as Jamie’s story tragically illustrates, children need more than a roof over their heads. They need emotional connection, guidance, and open communication. Preventing future cases: how can we support vulnerable young men? One question Adolescence ultimately forces us to ask is: How many young boys are currently walking Jamie’s path, unnoticed , in households that look just like his? Early intervention is key. Parents, educators, and mental health professionals must create environments where young men feel safe discussing their emotions. Schools could incorporate emotional literacy programmes that challenge outdated notions of masculinity and encourage vulnerability. Online safety measures and digital literacy education can also help young people critically evaluate harmful ideologies they may encounter online. For families , acknowledging and addressing emotional neglect is crucial. Fathers, in particular, should be encouraged to model healthy emotional expression, showing their sons that strength is not about suppressing feelings but about understanding and managing them. Credit: Netflix Seeking help: Schoen Clinic’s role in adolescent mental health At Schoen Clinic, we understand the complexities of adolescent mental health and the importance of early support. Our specialists provide expert care for young people struggling with emotional regulation, family dynamics , and self-esteem issues. Through therapy and tailored interventions, we help adolescents and their families navigate challenges, fostering resilience and emotional well-being. If you are concerned about a young person in your life, reaching out for professional support can make all the difference. Mental health struggles don’t have to go unnoticed - help is available, and change is possible. Contact our caring team today . We're here to help.

Netflix’s Adolescence has ignited intense discussions about incel culture, masculinity, and mental health. For many viewers, terms like ‘incel’ and ‘involuntary celibate’ might be unfamiliar, yet they represent a dangerous and growing online subculture. But what exactly does it mean to be an incel, and why does this ideology foster such deeply rooted misogyny, self-hatred, and sometimes even violence? This blog explores the psychology behind incel culture, its links to toxic masculinity, its harmful perceptions of women, and the broader mental health crisis affecting young men today. Contact our team if you need specialist mental health support. What is an incel? ‘Incel’ is short for ‘involuntary celibate’ - a term used by individuals, primarily men, who believe they are doomed to romantic and sexual isolation through no fault of their own. The term was originally coined in the 1990s by a woman who sought to create a support group for lonely people seeking love and companionship, but it has since been hijacked by an angry online subculture that often breeds resentment, misogyny and radicalisation. For many self-identified incels, the world is divided into ‘Chads’ (attractive, socially successful men) and ‘Stacys’ (desirable, confident women who only date Chads). They believe they are ‘betas’ or ‘omegas’—men genetically or socially inferior, doomed to perpetual rejection. This black-and-white worldview is central to their ideology and fuels their bitterness towards women and society. How incels perceive women: deep-rooted misogyny At its core, incel culture is deeply misogynistic. Incels do not merely feel lonely or frustrated - they often see women as the cause of their suffering. Many incels subscribe to the belief that women are hypergamous (only interested in high-status men) and that feminism has ‘ruined’ dating by giving women too much choice. Their resentment manifests in harmful online rhetoric, where women are dehumanised, blamed for incels’ personal failures and even subjected to threats. In extreme cases, this ideology has translated into real-world violence, with high-profile attacks carried out by men who identified with incel culture. Adolescence explores this toxic mindset and how it festers in online echo chambers, reinforcing negative beliefs rather than encouraging self-improvement. The rise of incel culture and online communities While some incels begin as lonely and isolated individuals seeking connection, many are drawn into extremist online spaces where their beliefs are reinforced. Forums and subreddits, once dedicated to self-improvement and support, have morphed into breeding grounds for resentment, where members validate each other’s worst fears. Social media algorithms often push users deeper into these radical spaces, exposing them to extreme content that encourages victimhood, self-loathing, and sometimes even violence. This is why many experts and researchers classify incel culture as not just a fringe movement, but an emerging form of extremism that requires intervention. Netflix’s Adolescence highlights the role of digital communities in shaping these destructive worldviews and how young men, often struggling with mental health issues, become ensnared in them. The role of toxic masculinity in incel ideology At the heart of incel ideology lies a crisis of masculinity. Toxic masculinity - the belief that men must be dominant, emotionally repressed and aggressive - permeates these communities. Incels often believe they fail to meet traditional masculine ideals, leading to feelings of inadequacy and bitterness. However, instead of challenging these harmful gender norms, many incels double down on them. They believe the only way to ‘win’ is to conform to outdated ideals of male dominance, heightening their frustration when they fail to achieve them. Mental health and the incel phenomenon Many incels experience profound mental health struggles, including depression , anxiety , and extreme social isolation. Instead of seeking professional help , they turn to incel forums, where their negative emotions are validated rather than challenged. This perpetuates a cycle of self-hatred and external blame, making it even harder for them to break free from their mindset. Netflix’s Adolescence raises an important question: How can society better support these individuals before they fall into radicalisation? Experts suggest that rather than demonising incels outright, we need to address the root causes - poor mental health support, a lack of healthy male role models and limited emotional education for young men. The path to positive masculinity Not all men who struggle with dating or loneliness become incels. Many find healthy ways to cope, such as therapy, self-improvement, or building meaningful friendships. Challenging toxic masculinity and promoting emotional openness can help prevent young men from being drawn into incel ideology. Encouraging positive masculinity - one that values vulnerability, self-worth and respect for others - can offer an alternative path. Schools, media, and society at large have a role to play in reshaping how masculinity is defined, creating a future where men don’t feel entitled to women’s bodies but instead strive for genuine connection and self-acceptance. By understanding these issues and promoting healthier perspectives on relationships and masculinity, we can work towards a more compassionate and inclusive society. If you need need mental health support for yourself, or a loved one, please don't hesitate to contact our team in London.

Netflix’s Adolescence  is more than just a crime drama—it is a heart-wrenching exploration of mental health, masculinity, family dynamics, and the impact of online radicalisation on young minds. The series, created by Stephen Graham and Jack Thorne, examines the tragic journey of 13-year-old Jamie Miller, who is arrested for the brutal murder of his classmate. What follows is a harrowing deep dive into the psychological, social, and familial factors that culminate in this shocking act of violence. Each episode is filmed in a single continuous take, immersing the audience in the raw intensity of Jamie’s experiences and interactions. Credit: Netflix To explore the real-life issues reflected in Adolescence , we spoke with two experts from Schoen Clinic Chelsea : Amrita Mahal ; Speech, Language & Communication Therapist and Dr Hazel Fernandes ; Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist. Their insights shed light on the psychological and social dynamics at play in the show, and in the lives of many young people today. If you're looking for mental health support for a child or teen please don't hesitate to contact us. *** Warning! This article contains major spoilers! *** Understanding Jamie’s mindset in Adolescence: A psychological perspective One of the most compelling aspects of Adolescence  is its focus on the ‘why’ rather than the ‘who’—a storytelling approach that shifts the narrative from a crime mystery to a psychological case study. From the outset, Jamie appears to be an ordinary, if somewhat insecure, teenage boy. However, as the series unfolds, it becomes evident that he struggles with severe self-esteem issues, social rejection, and a desperate need for validation, particularly from his father, Eddie. At the beginning of the show, the audience learns that Jamie had been relentlessly bullied, both in school and online, where he was mocked and labelled an “incel.” Short for "involuntary celibate," the term originally referred to people who struggle to form romantic or sexual relationships, but it has since become associated with an online subculture that promotes misogynistic and extremist views. Credit: Netflix While Jamie initially appears to be a victim of name-calling and trolling, the series later reveals that his engagement with these harmful online spaces goes far deeper. By the end of the show, it becomes clear that Jamie has indeed been radicalised by these communities, absorbing their toxic worldview and reinforcing his growing resentment. This raises a difficult question: Did Jamie turn to these extremist online forums as a reaction to the bullying, seeking a space where he felt understood? Or was the bullying itself a response to an ideology that he had already begun to embrace? The show leaves this open to interpretation, forcing viewers to confront the cyclical nature of social alienation and radicalisation. What is clear, however, is that Jamie’s descent is shaped by a complex interplay of personal vulnerability, external mistreatment, and the unregulated digital spaces that prey on impressionable minds. His sense of isolation, frustration and anger ultimately leads to his violent outburst, demonstrating the devastating consequences of untreated emotional distress, bullying, and toxic online influences. The role of family: parental influence and emotional support Throughout the series, the Miller family is portrayed as loving yet fractured. Eddie, Jamie’s father, is a hardworking man who struggles to express affection, while his mother, Manda, does her best to hold the family together. Despite their good intentions, the Millers fail to recognise the extent of Jamie’s inner turmoil until it is too late. Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist Dr Hazel Fernandes  underscores the role of parenting in shaping adolescent emotional wellbeing: “ Parenting, in my opinion, is the single most deciding factor on how a child will behave in the early years.” However, she also acknowledges the impact of external factors in today’s very  digital world… “It takes a village to raise a child, but unfortunately, the present-day village includes social media and online content.” This aspect of the show raises critical questions about parenting and emotional availability - how much do parents truly know about their children’s struggles and how can they create an environment where open discussions about mental health are encouraged? Speech, Language & Communication Therapist, Amrita Mahal suggests a better understanding of communication is key to nurturing a more open environment. “Communication isn’t just about words, it’s about tone, body language and even avoidance behaviours. The show also highlights digital communication as an area where meaning can be easily misinterpreted. The investigating officer in Adolescence struggles to understand the significance of certain emojis until his teenage son explains it to him. This moment highlights how digital communication can create gaps in understanding, particularly across generations.” Credit: Netflix Eddie’s journey in Adolescence  is particularly poignant. His reaction to his son’s crime shifts from disbelief to sorrow and, ultimately, to guilt. In one of the most heartbreaking scenes of the series, Eddie tucks Jamie’s teddy bear into bed and apologises to it as though speaking to his son. This moment encapsulates the grief of a parent who feels they have failed their child - a sentiment that many real-life parents of troubled teenagers can relate to. Dr Fernandes emphasises  the importance of parents practising self-compassion when seeking help for a child requiring support for their mental health, “We cannot move forward if we hold on to the past. Whether it is eating disorders, neurodiverse conditions , depression or anxiety, what is important [for parents] to be open to suggestions and be open to forgiving themselves.” The series doesn’t place blame on the Millers but rather highlights how mental health struggles can often go unnoticed, even in seemingly stable households. The intersection of masculinity and mental health A central theme of Adolescence  is the examination of masculinity and how societal expectations shape young men’s emotional development. Jamie, like many boys his age, grapples with ideas of strength, dominance and acceptance. “For boys in particular,” explains Amrita Mahal , “societal norms around masculinity often discourage vulnerability, leading to emotional suppression rather than open communication.” The show challenges the traditional notion that boys should suppress their emotions and ‘tough it out,’ showcasing instead how this mindset can be harmful. Amrita continues,  “Encouraging emotional expression from an early age, particularly in boys, can help break the cycle of suppression that leads to communication breakdowns later in life.” By addressing these issues, Adolescence encourages an important conversation about redefining masculinity in a way that allows boys and men to express emotions healthily. The impact of online radicalisation on adolescent mental health One of the most disturbing aspects of Jamie’s story is his indoctrination into online incel ideology. The series portrays how young individuals, particularly those struggling with social anxiety and self-worth, can be drawn into extremist online communities that validate their worst fears and reinforce destructive beliefs. Jamie’s obsession with these toxic narratives distorts his perception of reality, leading him to lash out in a violent act that he cannot take back. Amrita Mahal adds that communication difficulties can make young people more vulnerable to radicalisation: “Teenagers who struggle with language and communication are vulnerable. The language used in radical online spaces can feel structured and validating to someone who has experienced rejection in real life. Credit: Netflix I f a young person lacks the communication skills to critically analyse these messages or discuss their feelings with a trusted adult, they may become more susceptible to harmful ideologies.” This element of Adolescence  serves as a stark warning about the dangers of unmoderated digital spaces and the importance of media literacy. It underscores the need for parents, educators and mental health professionals to be aware of the online environments that young people navigate daily. Dr Fernandes adds, “Social media and online communities influence can be minimised by carers/parents taking responsibility for the children they are responsible for. Early childhood is a time for providing children with a template for adult life.” Open conversations about healthy self-esteem, relationships a nd online safety can help prevent vulnerable adolescents from falling into harmful ideological traps. Guilt, accountability and the path to acceptance Credit: Netflix Jamie’s decision to change his plea to guilty in the final episode marks a significant shift in his psychological journey. After initially denying his actions, he comes to accept the gravity of his crime. This turning point, while tragic, also signals a form of personal growth, an acknowledgement of responsibility that allows him to confront his actions, even if it is too late to change them. For Eddie and Manda, Jamie’s guilty plea is both a heartbreaking loss and a moment of reckoning. They must face the reality of their son’s actions while grappling with their own feelings of guilt and helplessness. Their emotional struggle serves as a powerful exploration of how families cope with trauma, grief and the realisation that love alone isn't always enough to prevent tragedy. Conclusion: a call for greater mental health awareness in you ng people Adolescence  is more than just a gripping drama, it is a crucial commentary on mental health, toxic masculinity and the unseen battles that many young people face. By shedding light on these complex issues, the series prompts viewers to reflect on how society can better support teenagers who feel lost, alienated or unheard. Amrita Mahal, Speech Language & Communication Therapist “Early intervention in teaching communication skills can be a lifeline,” says Amrita , “Adolescents need explicit guidance on how to express emotions, ask for clarification and engage in difficult conversations. Therapists and educators can use role-play, visual supports and structured language models to help young people develop confidence in expressing their feelings.” The show’s message is clear: mental health awareness, early intervention and open communication are essential in preventing tragedies like Jamie’s. Whether it is through increased parental involvement, mental health education in schools or better regulation of harmful online spaces, Adolescence  makes a compelling case for why these conversations need to happen now more than ever. Dr Hazel Fernandes, Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist Dr Fernandes offers a final piece of advice for parents, “Parents and carers need to emp hasise resilience and maintain a similar approach to managing bullying, open conversations are important, open-mindedness on the parents part to not rush to judgement. Secrecy is disempowering and mitigating risks is more effective than ignoring that risks exist.” As the final scene fades to black, leaving Eddie in his son’s bedroom, the weight of the series lingers. It is a poignant reminder that mental health struggles, if left unaddressed, can have devastating consequences—not just for the individuals experiencing them but for everyone around them. Adolescence  urges us all to look closer, listen more intently and never underestimate the importance of reaching out before it is too late. Thank you to Dr Hazel Fernandes and Amrita Mahal of Schoen Clinic Chelsea , for their expert insight for this article, and to Netflix for delivering an outstanding show that brings countless important issues into the spotlight. If you need support for a child or teen with a mental health condition or are seeking support yourself as a parent or carer, please don't hesitate to contact our caring team in London.

PRESS RELEASE: 02/04/2025 Parents and educators are being urged to show significantly more interest in the sometimes dark online world their children are spending hours each day immersed in, according to mental health experts at London’s Schoen Clinic Chelsea . The groundbreaking Netflix drama series Adolescence has proved a smash hit and even sparked a national debate into the dangers of so-called incel culture and toxic masculinity, with its storyline looking at the life of 13-year-old Jamie Miller (played by Owen Cooper) and his arrest for the murder of his classmate Katie Leonard. The plot of Adolescence looks at the aftermath of the murder from the perspectives of not only Jamie, but his parents and sister, the primary detective on the case DI Luke Bascombe (played by Ashley Walters) and child psychologist Briony Ariston (played by Erin Doherty). It has been described as a wake-up call for educators and parents, with many suggesting adults possess little knowledge of the online worlds their youngsters are part of. Owen Cooper and Erin Doherty in Adolescence (picture: Netflix) Schoen Clinic entered the UK healthcare market in 2017 providing award-winning, expert-led healthcare specialising in certain areas of medicine – now mental health and wellbeing, eating disorders and dementia care. Dr Hazel Fernandes Dr Hazel Fernandes, Consultant Child & Adolescent Psychiatrist , stressed the role of parenting in shaping adolescent emotional wellbeing. She said: “Parenting, in my opinion, is the single most deciding factor on how a child will behave in the early years.” Dr Fernandes acknowledged the impact of external factors in today’s very digital world, saying: “It takes a village to raise a child, but unfortunately, the present-day village includes social media and online content.” Amrita Mahal Amrita Mahal, Speech, Language & Communication Therapist , suggested a better understanding of communication is key to nurturing a more open environment. She said: “Communication isn’t just about words, it’s about tone, body language and even avoidance behaviours. The show also highlights digital communication as an area where meaning can be easily misinterpreted. “The investigating officer in Adolescence struggles to understand the significance of certain emojis until his teenage son explains it to him. This moment highlights how digital communication can create gaps in understanding, particularly across generations.” A key part of the programme is how online pressure is influencing how boys behave towards women and especially their female classmates – and how one-upmanship can lead to tragic results. Amrita said: “Teenagers who struggle with language and communication are vulnerable. The language used in radical online spaces can feel structured and validating to someone who has experienced rejection in real life. “If a young person lacks the communication skills to critically analyse these messages or discuss their feelings with a trusted adult, they may become more susceptible to harmful ideologies.” Dr Fernandes added: “Social media and online communities influence can be minimised by carers/parents taking responsibility for the children they are responsible for. Early childhood is a time for providing children with a template for adult life.” The pair were agreed that the show’s message is clear: mental health awareness, early intervention and open communication are essential in preventing tragedies like Jamie’s and Katie’s. Dr Fernandes offers a final piece of advice for those involved in shaping the lives of young people, saying: “Parents and carers need to emphasise resilience and maintain a similar approach to managing bullying. Open conversations are important, open-mindedness on the parents part to not rush to judgement. “Secrecy is disempowering and mitigating risks is more effective than ignoring that risks exist.” For more information about the work of Schoen Clinic Chelsea, please call 020 3146 2300 or visit its website at https://www.schoen-clinic.co.uk/chelsea      ENDS High-resolution pictures are available on request. To organise an interview with an expert from Schoen Clinic please contact Rodney Kumar at WSA Communications in the first instance. About Schoen Clinic UK Group The Schoen Clinic Group was founded in 1985 and has since developed into Germany's fifth-largest privately-owned hospital group. It currently treats 300,000+ patients annually at 46 hospitals and clinics in Germany and the UK. The group also includes the leading online telemedicine clinic: MindDoc. Schoen Clinic entered the UK healthcare market in 2017 providing award-winning, expert-led healthcare specialising in certain areas of medicine – now mental health and wellbeing, eating disorders and dementia care. Media contact Rodney Kumar: PR Manager, WSA Communications E-mail: rodney.kumar@wsacommunications.co.uk Phone: 01908 371177

In today's digital world, social media plays a dominant role in the lives of children, teens, and adolescents. While it offers opportunities for connection, learning and self-expression, it also has a profound and often concerning impact on young minds. From increased anxiety and depression to sleep deprivation and exposure to harmful content, the effects of social media on mental health are becoming more evident. Understanding these effects is crucial for parents, educators, and healthcare professionals. Contact us today if you need specialist mental health support for a child or young person. The psychological impact of social media on adolescents Social media is not just a tool for communication - it's become a central part of adolescent identity and socialisation. However, constant exposure to online interactions, validation-seeking, and curated lifestyles can have damaging effects on young people's mental wellbeing. Increased anxiety and depression: Stu dies show a strong correlation between excessive social media use and higher rates of anxiety and depression among teenagers. Platforms like Instagram and TikTok encourage users to compare themselves to idealised images and lifestyles, leading to feelings of inadequacy, low self-esteem, and, in some cases, clinical depression. Fear of Missing Out (FOMO): Adolescents often feel pressured to keep up with their peers online, fearing they are missing out on social events, experiences, or trends. This constant comparison can lead to heightened stress and compulsive social media use. Social validation and dopamine addiction: The brain’s reward system is highly sensitive during adolescence, making young people particularly susceptible to the addictive nature of likes, comments, and shares. Studies have found that social media triggers the release of dopamine - the same chemical associated with pleasure and addiction - leading to compulsive scrolling and a need for validation. Cyberbullying and emotional distress: Many adolescents experience online harassment, which can lead to severe emotional distress, self-harm, and even suicidal ideation. The anonymity of social media often emboldens bullies, making the abuse more intense and widespread. Self-identity and body image issues: Teenagers are in a critical stage of identity formation, and social media often distorts their perception of reality. Many young people struggle with body image issues due to exposure to unrealistic beauty standards, filters, and edited photos. Social media’s influence on teen behaviour and cognitive development The adolescent brain is still developing, making young people particularly vulnerable to the behavioural effects of social media. Reduced attention span: The fast-paced nature of social media, with its endless scrolling and short-form content, can shorten attention spans and reduce the ability to focus on more extended tasks like studying or reading. Disrupted sleep patterns: Many teens stay up late engaging with social media, often at the expense of their sleep. The blue light emitted by screens suppresses melatonin prod uction, making it harder for them to fall asleep, leading to chronic sleep deprivation. Exposure to harmful content: Social media algorithms often expose young users to harmful content, including extreme dieting , self-harm promotion and misogynistic ideologies , to name but a few. This can shape their beliefs, behaviours and attitudes in deeply damaging ways. Self-diagnosis of mental health conditions: A growing number of teenagers turn to TikTok and other platforms for mental health advice, often self-diagnosing conditions such as ADHD , autism , and depression based on unverified information. While awareness is valuable, misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary anxiety and inappropriate coping mechanisms. Adolescence : a stark reflection of the dangers of social media Netflix’s recent hit series ' Adolescence' provides a chilling portrayal of how social media affects young minds, raising urgent question s about online safety, cyberbullying, and the mental health crisis among teenagers. The series follows a 13-year-old boy and his family grappling with the consequences of a devastating incident - spurned on by cyberbullying, isolation, online radicalisation and misogyny - offering a powerful and unsettling reflection of real-world issues. Cyberbullying’s devastating impact: The series presents the tragic consequences of cyberbullying, showing how relentless online harassment can push teenagers to their emotional breaking points. The rise of harmful ideologies: A central theme in Adolescence is the spread of misogynistic content. It exposes how certain platforms fuel toxic masculinity and radicalisation, influencing young people’s worldviews in harmful ways. These are just a few of the issues raised within the mini-series, but we explore more in one of our recent articles . The need for action: how we can protect young minds While social media is deeply embedded in modern life, there are ways to mitigate its negative impact on young people: Encourage open conversations: Parents, teachers and mental health professionals must foster open discussions about the emotional effects of social media, encouraging teens to share their experiences and concerns. Set healthy boundaries: Establishing screen time limits and encouraging digital detoxes can help reduce over-reliance on social media. Promote media literacy: Teaching young people to critically evaluate online content can help them differentiate between reality and the curated perfection often portrayed on social media. Encourage offline activities: Supporting hobbies, sports, and face-to-face interactions can help balance social media use and promote healthier mental well-being. Seek professional help when needed: If a young person is struggling with the effects of social media, professional support from a psychologist or counsellor may be necessary to address anxiety, depression, or self-esteem issues. Final thoughts Social media is a double-edged sword for young minds - offering connection and self-expression while also exposing them to anxiety, addiction, and harmful content. Shows like Adolescence serve as a wake-up call, highlighting the urgent need to safeguard adolescent mental health in the digital age. By raising awareness, setting boundaries, and encouraging healthier digital habits, we can help young people navigate social media in a way that enhances rather than harms their wellbeing. If you need support for a child or young person experiencing mental health challenges , please don't hesitate to reach out to our caring team in London today.