Autism vs ADHD: Key differences and overlapping symptoms in children
- Schoen Clinic UK
- Apr 15
- 4 min read
Updated: Nov 24
Understanding the differences between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is essential for parents seeking clarity about their child’s neurodevelopmental health. Both conditions can affect behaviour, communication and attention, but they present in different ways and require different approaches to assessment and support.
It’s also important to know that a diagnosis is not always straightforward. Symptoms associated with autism or ADHD can overlap with each other and can also be caused by other medical, developmental or neurological conditions.
In this article, Consultant Paediatrician Dr Joe Datt explains the key differences and overlapping traits of autism and ADHD, helping parents make more informed decisions about their child’s care.
What are Autism and ADHD?
Autism is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects:
Social interaction
Communication
Flexibility of behaviour
Sensory processing
Children with autism may struggle with social cues, forming friendships, adapting to change or managing sensory input. They may have highly focused interests or repetitive behaviours.
ADHD impacts:
Attention
Impulsivity
Hyperactivity
Children with ADHD may find it difficult to concentrate, stay seated, follow instructions or control impulses. These challenges often affect school performance and social relationships.
Key differences between Autism and ADHD
1. Social interaction
Autism: Children with autism often find social interactions difficult. They may avoid eye contact, struggle to read facial expressions or find it challenging to understand others’ emotions. They may prefer solitary activities.
ADHD: Children with ADHD usually want social interaction but may find it difficult to maintain friendships due to impulsivity, interrupting others or finding it hard to take turns.
2. Communication and language development
Autism: Common features include speech delays, atypical tone of voice, echolalia (repeating phrases) and difficulty understanding non-literal language.
ADHD: Children with ADHD typically develop language on time but may interrupt conversations, speak quickly or talk excessively because of impulsivity.
3. Attention and focus
Autism: Children may focus deeply on a single interest for long periods but struggle to shift attention to new tasks.
ADHD: Attention tends to be inconsistent and short-lived. Children may become distracted easily and move between tasks without finishing them.
4. Repetitive behaviours vs impulsivity
Autism: Repetitive behaviours, such as hand-flapping or lining up objects, are common. Changes to routine may cause distress.
ADHD: Impulsivity is more prominent—acting without thinking, taking risks, or interrupting others.
Overlapping symptoms of Autism and ADHD
Some behaviours occur in both conditions, which can make diagnosis more complex:
Difficulty concentrating
High energy levels
Trouble following multi-step instructions
Sensory sensitivities or aversions
Emotional regulation challenges
While the underlying reasons differ, outward behaviours can appear similar.
How to differentiate between Autism and ADHD
Because symptoms can overlap, a specialist assessment is essential. At Schoen Clinic Chelsea, Dr Joe Datt conducts comprehensive neurodevelopmental assessments that evaluate a wide range of possible explanations—not just autism or ADHD.
A real case example from Dr Joe Datt
“Misdiagnosis can happen when we focus too narrowly on autism or ADHD without considering other possible explanations,” says Dr Datt.
“I once assessed a 16-year-old boy who was thought to have ADHD because he was zoned out in class. After a full evaluation, we discovered he had undiagnosed epilepsy and was experiencing absent seizures rather than ADHD symptoms.
I’ve also seen children thought to have autism when the real underlying cause was dyslexia. Taking a broad view is essential.”
Dr Datt explains that rare genetic conditions, sleep disorders and other neurological issues can also mimic autism or ADHD—highlighting the importance of a thorough assessment.
Key questions parents can ask themselves
These questions offer a starting point, but they should not replace assessment from a specialist:
Does my child struggle with social cues or non-verbal communication? (More likely autism)
Is my child impulsive or acting without thinking? (More likely ADHD)
Does my child become extremely distressed when routines change? (More likely autism)
Can my child focus intensely on one interest for long periods? (More likely autism)
Does my child frequently get distracted and switch tasks quickly? (More likely ADHD)
Getting a diagnosis in Chelsea, West London
If you suspect autism or ADHD, an early assessment can help your child access support sooner.
At Schoen Clinic Chelsea, neurodevelopmental assessments with Dr Joe Datt include:
A detailed parental interview and developmental history
Behavioural observations
Standardised assessment tools
Collaboration with schools, therapists or other professionals
This ensures a comprehensive and accurate diagnosis.
Treatment and support options
Autism and ADHD require different management strategies, but early intervention helps children develop essential skills and improve long-term outcomes.
Autism support strategies
Speech and language therapy
Occupational therapy for sensory needs and motor skills
Structured routines to reduce anxiety
ADHD management strategies
Behavioural therapy
Medication when clinically appropriate
Visual schedules and organisational tools
Supporting your child’s journey
Whether your child has autism, ADHD or overlapping traits, understanding their unique profile is key. With the right support, children can build confidence, develop new skills and thrive in school, friendships and everyday life.
If you are in Chelsea, West London or Greater London and are concerned about your child’s development, we offer:
General paediatric consultations
Autism assessments
ADHD assessments
Combined assessments with Dr Joe Datt
Contact us today to learn more about how we can support your child’s journey to better health and wellbeing.
This page was reviewed by Dr Joe Datt on 14/04/2025.
